[Hydrodynamics of dental dentinal fluid]. / Gidrodinamika dentinnoi zhidkosti zuba.

BACKGROUND: Dentinal fluid is very close in its physical and mechanical properties and composition to blood plasma, which makes it a potentially aggressive biological environment for modern adhesive systems. An in-depth study of the physiological processes of the functioning of tooth dentin remains relevant in order to solve problems associated with its artificial restoration. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Study using computer simulation speed of movement and pressure distribution of dentinal fluid in the dentinal tubule of the tooth to assess the possibilities of their regulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To model the distribution of flow velocity and pressure of dentinal fluid in the dentinal tubule, the finite element method (Fluent ANSYS computer program) was used. RESULTS: Immediately behind the spherical tip of the odontoblast, there is a rapid increase in the hydraulic diameter of the flow section of the dentinal tubule, and, accordingly, a decrease in capillary pressure, while the tip of the odontoblast creates a large local hydraulic resistance. The resulting distribution of pressure drop in the damaged dentinal tubule is consistent with the fact that fluid movement is due, to a greater extent, to the capillary effect rather than the inlet pressure into the dentinal tubule. CONCLUSION: By changing the length of the odontoblast process, it is possible to influence the parameters of the hydrodynamics of dentinal fluid in the space of the dentinal tubule.

[Comparative analysis of methods to stimulate and collect dentinal fluid: a clinical and experimental study]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz metodov stimulyatsii i zabora dentinnoi zhidkosti zuba: kliniko-eksperimental'noe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: The aim - to determine the most effective method of dentinal fluid collection and dentinal fluid flow rate stimulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a series of dentinal fluid collection tests, 3 types of filter membranes «Technofilter¼ were compared to a blotting nitrocellulose membrane Sartorius 1288. An ability of the studied membranes to adsorb dentinal fluid was assessed based on the data of proton magnetic resonance using signal magnitudes of the organic molecules accumulation in dentine fluid samples. In the study 30 permanent teeth with a diagnosis of K04.00 «Initial pulpitis¼ were included. Teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups in accordance with the method used to stimulate the dentinal fluid flow rate. Dentinal fluid volume before and after stimulation within and between the groups was compared. RESULTS: The nitrocellulose membrane Sartorius 1288 has the highest ability to adsorb dentinal fluid; predominant dentinal fluid volume was obtained using a 10% dextran solution with low molecular weight. Based on the results of the study, the author proposed the method of dentinal fluid collection. CONCLUSION: The proposed stimulation method increases the dentinal fluid yields by 2 times in comparison with sampling under natural conditions.

Inflammatory biomarkers in dentinal fluid as an approach to molecular diagnostics in pulpitis.

AIM: To explore a set of inflammatory biomarkers obtained from dentinal fluid (DF) from patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP), reversible pulpitis (RP) and normal pulp (NP). METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional exploratory study was performed, recruiting 64 patients on the basis of their respective pulp condition. DF samples were obtained from all patients (23, from IP patients; 20, from RP patients; and 21, from NP patients). Quantification of biomarkers was performed using a Luminex® MAGPIX platform system and multiplex assay kits. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons with regard to pulp state. A simple logistic regression model and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% level of confidence (P = 0.05) were used to evaluate associations between biomarker levels and pulpal diagnosis. The performance discrimination of the biomarkers was evaluated through the construction of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) for IP versus RP after logistic regression modelling. Youden criteria were used to establish cut-off points for biomarkers alone with AUC > 70 and P-value < 0.05, or estimated probabilities from the multivariable logistic model. RESULTS: The biomarkers that had significantly higher values in participants with IP versus RP were IL-1α, VEGF-α and FGF acid (P < 0.05). FGF acid (OR: 12.62; P = 0.0085; CI 95% 1.91-83.29) and VEGF-α (OR: 2.61; P = 0.0252; CI 95% 1.13-6.03) were associated with pulp diagnoses of IP versus RP. The AUC-ROC curve for FGF acid was 0.79. The model containing FGF acid, IL-1α, IL-6 and TIMP-1 had an AUC-ROC of 0.92 for IP versus RP with a significant difference from the FGF acid ROC curve (P = 0.0231). CONCLUSIONS: Dentinal fluid could be used to assay pulpal mediators in the molecular diagnosis of pulpitis. Despite the limitation of the clinical diagnostics used in the present study, it was possible to detect a difference between irreversible symptomatic pulpitis and reversible pulpitis associated with the following combined biomarkers: FGF acid + IL-6 + IL-1α, +TIMP-1.

[The results of computer simulation of the dentinal fluid hydrodynamics in the open crown dentinal tubule]. / Rezul'taty komp'yuternogo modelirovaniya gidrodinamiki dentinnoi zhidkosti v otkrytom kanal'tse dentina koronkovoi chasti zuba.

OBJECTIVE: To study the hydrodynamics of the dentinal fluid along the dentinal tubule in the event of its opening as a result of mechanical and acid treatment of the dental crown dentin. Material and methods: A licensed version of the ANSYS / FLOTRAN computer program was used, which is a software tool for solving various problems of hydrodynamics, including laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible or compressible fluid. RESULTS: The results of computer simulation showed that 1.5 ms after drying of the dentin tubule (length 6 mm) it is refilled with dentin fluid, which then begins to accumulate on the treated surface of the dental hard tissues. Reducing the length of the dentinal tubule as a result of the cavity preparation leads to an increase in the speed and mass of pulp fluid released through it.

Natural enamel caries, dentine reactions, dentinal fluid and biofilm.

It is believed that penetration of dentinal fluid into natural enamel caries (NEC) is negligible because of the barrier created by underlying sclerotic dentine, but there are conflicting evidences on whether dentine subjacent to NEC is sclerotic or demineralized. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between NEC, subjacent dentine reactions, modification of dentinal fluid, and composition of cariogenic biofilm formed on the NEC surface. Proximal NEC (PNEC) lesions of human permanent posterior teeth were included in five experiments. Histologically, microradiographic analysis with contrast solution (MRC) in dentine revealed a decreased proportion of sclerotic dentine and an increased proportion of deep dentine demineralization compared to the classical stereomicroscopic histological analysis based on dentin color and translucency. Real-time MRC and 3D optical profilometry, and 3D microtomographic analysis evidenced a facilitated transport of modified dentinal fluid towards PNEC lesions. Cariogenic biofilm formed in vitro on the PNEC surface presented lower amounts of insoluble and soluble matrix polysaccharides when 2% chlorexidine was inserted in the pulp chamber. In conclusion, this study evidenced that dentine subjacent to PNEC is mostly demineralized, providing facilitated pathway for dentinal fluid to penetrate into PNEC and alter the composition of the biofilm formed on the PNEC surface.

Effect of dentinal fluid on enamel permeability under simulated pulpal pressure.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pulpal perfusion on the fluid flow through human tooth after different treatments at the enamel surface. Changes in mineral density along with fluid flow rate were also analyzed before and after etching. DESIGN: The experiments were carried out on 97 human premolars. Ringer's solution and distilled water (DW) were applied under pressure of 20 mm Hg to the pulpal cavity of tooth crowns in the Ringer's-perfused and water-perfused groups respectively. Fluid flow through each specimen was recorded before and 0, 30, 60, 180 min after treatments at the enamel surface. The treatments included DW, 0.2% sodium fluoride solution, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF), 2.26% fluoride varnish (FV), 37% phosphoric acid gel (Etch) and artificial saliva (AS). Mineral density of the enamel was evaluated using micro-computed tomography. RESULTS: In water-perfused group, fluid flow rates recorded after etching were significantly increased (p = 0.005) with the significant reduction of mineral density (p = 0.018) from baseline. A significant negative correlation was found (r = -0.78, p = 0.015). After FV, the percentage reduction from baseline was significant at 180 min (p = 0.003). In Ringer's-perfused group, etching immediately produced the greatest mean flow rate and subsequently returned to the baseline within 60 min after treatment (p < 0.001). There were approximately 40, 55, and 63% reductions of flow rates within 60 min after AS, APF and FV respectively. CONCLUSION: Under simulated pulpal pressure, enamel fluid involves the process of enamel remineralization, particularly after etching.

Update on dentin hypersensitivity: with the focus on hydrodynamic theory and mechanosensitive ion channels

Dentin hypersensitivity is an abrupt intense pain caused by innocuous stimuli to exposed dentinal tubules. Mechanosensitive ion channels have been assessed in dental primary afferent neurons and odontoblasts to explain dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal fluid dynamics evoked by various stimuli to exposed dentin cause mechanical stress to the structures underlying dentin. This review briefly discusses three hypotheses regarding dentin hypersensitivity and introduces recent findings on mechanosensitive ion channels expressed in the dental sensory system and discusses how the activation of these ion channels is involved in dentin hypersensitivity.

Thermal analysis of the dentine tubule under hot and cold stimuli using fluid-structure interaction simulation.

The objective of this study is to compare the thermal stress changes in the tooth microstructures and the hydrodynamic changes of the dental fluid under hot and cold stimuli. The dimension of the microstructures of eleven cats' teeth was measured by scanning electron microscopy, and the changes in thermal stress during cold and hot stimulation were calculated by 3D fluid-structure interaction modeling. Evaluation of results, following data validation, indicated that the maximum velocities in cold and hot stimuli were - 410.2 ± 17.6 and + 205.1 ± 8.7 µm/s, respectively. The corresponding data for maximum thermal stress were - 20.27 ± 0.79 and + 10.13 ± 0.24 cmHg, respectively. The thermal stress caused by cold stimulus could influence almost 2.9 times faster than that caused by hot stimulus, and the durability of the thermal stress caused by hot stimulus was 71% greater than that by cold stimulus under similar conditions. The maximum stress was on the tip of the odontoblast, while the stress in lateral walls of the odontoblast and terminal fibril was very weak. There is hence a higher possibility of pain transmission with activation of stress-sensitive ion channels at the tip of the odontoblast. The maximum thermal stress resulted from the cold stimulus is double that produced by the hot stimulus. There is a higher possibility of pain transmission in the lateral walls of the odontoblast and terminal fibril by releasing mediators during the cold stimulation than the hot stimulation. These two reasons can be associated with a greater pain sensation due to intake of cold liquids.

Dentinal tubule sealing effects of 532-nm diode-pumped solid-state laser, gallic acid/Fe3+ complex, and three commercial dentin desensitizers.

The purpose of this study was to compare dentinal tubule sealing effects of a 532-nm diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser, gallic acid/Fe3+ complex, and three commercially available dentin desensitizers. Human premolars (n = 44) extracted for orthodontics had standardized cervical cavities prepared, etched (37% phosphoric acid) and randomly assigned to either a control (n = 4), or one of five treatment groups (n = 8/group). Desensitizing treatments were either a 532-nm DPSS laser, gallic acid/Fe3+ complex, oxalate-based Super Seal™ (SS), DIO™ Enamel Coating Pen Pro Tooth (Dio), or adhesive-type Hybrid Coat™ (HC). Dentinal fluid flow (DFF) was monitored continuously in real time during the application of each desensitizing agent, by using a nanoliter-scaled fluid flow-measuring device. Following treatment, morphological changes on dentinal surfaces and within tubules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DFF rates were significantly reduced after treatment in all experimental groups (P < 0.05), except SS (P > 0.05). The gallic acid/Fe3+ complex reduced DFF rates the most, and significantly (P < 0.05) more than the three commercial dentin desensitizers. There were no significant differences in DFF reduction rates between the gallic acid/Fe3+ complex and the DPSS laser groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in DFF reduction rates among the three commercial dentin desensitizers (P > 0.05). SEM examination of treated dentin showed that the degree of occlusion of dentinal tubules correlated closely with the corresponding reduction in DFF rates. The gallic acid/Fe3+ complex and 532-nm DPSS laser were superior to other desensitizing methods in occluding dentinal tubules and reducing DFF rates.

Observations on fluid flow from exposed dentine in primary teeth: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate fluid flow through dentine in primary teeth in vitro using the replica technique, and to compare the results with those obtained from permanent dentine. DESIGN: The experiments were carried out on 22 extracted, mandibular, primary, incisor teeth. The incisal edge was removed to 1mm below the dentino-enamel junction and half the exposed surface etched with phosphoric acid. The exposed dentine was blotted dry and the pressure in the pulp cavity held at 0, 15, 30 or 45cm H2O above atmospheric for 30s. Fluid that accumulated on the dentine surface was recorded with impression material and a replica made with epoxy resin which was examined in a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Structures resembling fluid droplets were present in the replicas of unetched dentine in all 22 teeth, and at all the pulpal pressures tested. The droplets formed at 45cm H2O were significantly larger (median diam., 5.14mm; interquartile range, 3.26mm; Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance on ranks (RMAVR) and Tukey test) than those formed at other pressures. There was no evidence of droplets in the replicas of etched dentine with any of the pulpal pressures. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that fluid will tend to flow from dentine in deciduous teeth when it is exposed. They are similar to those obtained in a previous study in this laboratory on permanent teeth. The fact that fluid droplets were absent from etched dentine suggests that, after being blotted, the etched dentine matrix absorbed fluid that tended to flow out through the dentinal tubules.

MMP-9 in Dentinal Fluid Correlates with Caries Lesion Depth.

The analysis of molecular cues in dentinal fluid from an excavated cavity could improve diagnostics in the context of minimally invasive caries treatment. In the current clinical trial we assessed whether the dentinal fluid levels of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9; neutrophil gelatinase) would increase with the progression of carious lesions. MMP-9 is associated with neutrophil-related tissue breakdown in the pulp. Absolute MMP-9 levels were contrasted against the levels of MMP-2, an enzyme related to normal tissue turnover. Dentinal fluid was collected below deep and shallow caries from molars and premolars within the same patients aged 18 years and older (n = 30, 1 tooth per group/patient). Experimental teeth were isolated under a rubber dam prior to excavation. Dentinal fluid was collected from the bottom of the cavity using a size 25 paper point. MMP levels were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric methods were applied to test for differences between groups. Significantly more (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test) MMP-9 was collected from the deep carious lesions than from the shallow counterparts. Pairwise comparison of MMP-9 values within patients revealed that there was more MMP-9 collected from deep lesions than from shallow counterparts in 27 of the 30 individuals under investigation (pairwise Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). In contrast, no such difference existed for MMP-2. There was a high correlation between MMP-9 from deep and shallow lesions (Spearman's ρ = 0.72, p < 0.001), indicating that patients with more MMP-9 in the deep carious lesion also tended to have more MMP-9 in the shallow lesion.

Evaluation of dentin tubule occlusion after laser irradiation and desensitizing agent application.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of lasers (Nd:YAG and Er:YAG) and of topical desensitizing agents on dentin tubule occlusion by measuring real-time dentin fluid flow (DFF). METHODS: 32 molars were prepared with V-shape cavity at the cervical area, acid-etched, water rinsed, blotted dry, and treated with (1) Nd:YAG laser; (2) Er:YAG laser; (3) SuperSeal, a desensitizing agent; (4) ClinproXT, a resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) varnish (n = 8 each). A real-time fluid flow measuring instrument (nano-Flow) was used to measure the DFF throughout the procedures. The DFF rates before and after the treatment were compared. Moreover, the surface topography of dentin tubules after each desensitizing method was examined using SEM. RESULTS: DFF varied among the groups. The DFF rate was significantly reduced after laser irradiation/application of the desensitizing agents (P < 0.05). ClinproXT showed the greatest reduction of DFF rate (71.9%), followed by the SuperSeal (34.8%) and laser groups (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the Nd:YAG (24.1%) and Er:YAG (20.6%) groups (P > 0.05). In SEM images, narrowed dentin tubules were observed in both lased groups and SuperSeal group. In the ClinproXT group, the occluded dentin tubules by the RMGI covering were observed.

A rapid, efficient, and facile solution for dental hypersensitivity: The tannin-iron complex.

Dental hypersensitivity due to exposure of dentinal tubules under the enamel layer to saliva is a very popular and highly elusive technology priority in dentistry. Blocking water flow within exposed dentinal tubules is a key principle for curing dental hypersensitivity. Some salts used in "at home" solutions remineralize the tubules inside by concentrating saliva ingredients. An "in-office" option of applying dense resin sealants on the tubule entrance has only localized effects on well-defined sore spots. We report a self-assembled film that was formed by facile, rapid (4 min), and efficient (approximately 0.5 g/L concentration) dip-coating of teeth in an aqueous solution containing a tannic acid-iron(III) complex. It quickly and effectively occluded the dentinal tubules of human teeth. It withstood intense tooth brushing and induced hydroxyapatite remineralisation within the dentinal tubules. This strategy holds great promise for future applications as an effective and user-friendly desensitizer for managing dental hypersensitivity.

Evaluation of the permeability of five desensitizing agents using computerized fluid filtration.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the permeability of five desensitizing agents using computerized fluid filtration (CFF) test method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty dentin discs of 500 ± 200-mm-thick were prepared from middle dentin of bovine incisors without exposed the pulp and then randomly divided into five groups (n = 12). The permeability of the discs was measured using the CFF test method before and after application of the following desensitizers: Admira Protect (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), Seal and Protect (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), Sensi Kill (DFL, Brazil), Systemp Desensitizer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), BisBlock (Bisco, USA). Fluid movement measurements were made at 2-min intervals for 8 min, and a mean of the values obtained was calculated for each specimen. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in permeability among desensitizing agents (P > 0.05); however dentin permeability was reduced in all groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The in vitro fluid conductance of dentin discs were reduced by treating with these five desensitizing agents.

A photochemical method for in vitro evaluation of fluid flow in human dentine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the flow dynamics of dentine fluid using a chemiluminescence method in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Horizontally sliced coronal dentine specimens with thicknesses of 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0mm (n=10 each) were prepared from extracted human third molars. After cleaning with EDTA, a mounted specimen was clamped between 2 acrylic chambers attached to both the occlusal and pulpal sides. The occlusal chamber, which was closed with a glass coverslip, was filled with a chemiluminescent solution (0.02% luminol and 1% sodium hydroxide in water). A trigger solution of 1% hydrogen peroxide and 1% potassium ferricyanide was injected into the pulpal chamber at a constant pressure of 2.5 kPa, and allowed to immediately flow into the patent dentinal tubules. Four consecutive measurements (T1-T4) were performed on each sample by recording the emission of chemiluminescence with a photodetector. The relationship between the crossing time of the liquid through the slice and dentine thickness was examined. RESULTS: An apparent time delay was detected between the starting points of the trigger solution run and photochemical emission at T1. Dt (Dt, s) values of each thickness group were 13.6 ± 4.25 for 1.4mm, 18.1 ± 2.38 for 1.6mm, 28.0 ± 2.46 for 1.8mm, and 39.2 ± 8.61 for 2.0mm, respectively. Dt significantly decreased as dentine became thinner towards the pulp chamber (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The velocity of fluid flow increased both with increasing dentine depth or reduction of remaining dentine thickness.

Adhesive sealing of dentin surfaces in vitro: A review.

PURPOSE: This review describes the evolution of the use of dental adhesives to form a tight seal of freshly prepared dentin to protect the pulp from bacterial products, during the time between crown preparation and final cementation of full crowns. The evolution of these "immediate dentin sealants" follows the evolution of dental adhesives, in general. That is, they began with multiple-step, etch-and-rinse adhesives, and then switched to the use of simplified adhesives. METHODS: Literature was reviewed for evidence that bacteria or bacterial products diffusing across dentin can irritate pulpal tissues before and after smear layer removal. Smear layers can be solubilized by plaque organisms within 7-10 days if they are directly exposed to oral fluids. It is likely that smear layers covered by temporary restorations may last more than 1 month. As long as smear layers remain in place, they can partially seal dentin. Thus, many in vitro studies evaluating the sealing ability of adhesive resins use smear layer-covered dentin as a reference condition. Surprisingly, many adhesives do not seal dentin as well as do smear layers. RESULTS: Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that resin- covered dentin allows dentin fluid to cross polymerized resins. The use of simplified single bottle adhesives to seal dentin was a step backwards. Currently, most authorities use either 3-step adhesives such as Scotchbond Multi-Purpose or OptiBond FL or two-step self-etching primer adhesives, such as Clearfil SE, Unifil Bond or AdheSE.

Bleaching technique effect on dentin permeability.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bleaching techniques on dentin permeability. The hypothesis was that the bleaching agent associated or not to etching and/or energy source would be able to increase dentin permeability (conductance). METHODS: Fifty 1 mm-thick disks of mid-coronal dentin were obtained from human third molars, which were mounted in a filtration chamber, allowing exposure of a standardized area of 0.282 mm2. All specimens were treated with 35% liquid phosphoric acid for 15 seconds to maximize dentin permeability. Then they were randomly allocated to five different conditions: C: placebo gel (negative control); HP: Whiteness HP Maxx (WM)-35% hydrogen peroxide; PA-HP: WM preceded by phosphoric acid etching for 15 seconds. HP-E: WM associated to a light source and PA-HP-E: WM preceded by phosphoric acid etching for 15 seconds and associated to a light source. The bleaching agent was applied for 10 minutes with intermediate agitation at 5 minutes. In the groups associated with a light source, it was activated for 30 seconds every 5 minutes. Afterwards, the permeability (Lp) was measured using the Flodec device. The data were collected and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P< 0.05). RESULTS: Mean and standard deviation of Lp were: C = 1.92 (1.04); HP = 1.14 (0.29); PA-HP = 14.40 (8.62); HP-E = 4.18 (5.14); PA-HP-E = 27.32 (13.24). Data revealed that phosphoric acid etching could increase the dentin permeability, while the bleaching agent or light curing alone did not.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effectiveness of three dentin desensitizing treatment regimens.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of three treatment regimens on dentin permeability and reduction of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). METHODS: The desensitization treatments were: Gluma Desensitizer PowerGel (GLU), MS Coat One (MSC), and dentin burnishing with fiber-resin burs (STB). A split-chamber device was used to determine the permeability of dentin slices cut from human molars in vitro. Fluid flow through dentin was recorded with a photochemical method after EDTA cleaning, albumin soaking and desensitization treatment (n = 10). 61 study participants with three severely hypersensitive teeth each were enrolled. Sensitivity was determined with an air stimulus before, immediately after treatment, and after 1, 3 and 6 months, using a verbal rating scale. RESULTS: From the 61 study participants enrolled, 52 completed the trial. Permeability at baseline and after albumin soaking was not significantly different. All treatments produced reduced fluid flow through dentin (P > 0.05). All treatments reduced DH significantly (no or moderate sensitivity). Statistical results revealed significant differences among the treatments (P = 0.03). Mann-Whitney comparisons showed GLU, STB < MSC.

Effect of sonic application mode on the resin-dentin bond strength and dentin permeability of self-etching systems.

PURPOSE: To compare manual and sonic adhesive application modes in terms of the permeability and microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive applied in the one-step or two-step protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-etching All Bond SE (Bisco) was applied as a one- or a two-step adhesive under manual or sonic vibration modes on flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 64 human molars. Half of the teeth were used to measure the hydraulic conductance of dentin at 200 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure for 5 min immediately after the adhesive application. In the other half, composite buildups (Opallis) were constructed incrementally to create resin-dentin sticks with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm² to be tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately after restoration placement. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The fluid conductance of dentin was significantly reduced by the sonic vibration mode for both adhesives, but no effect on the bond strength values was observed for either adhesive. CONCLUSION: The sonic application mode at an oscillating frequency of 170 Hz can reduce the fluid conductance of the one- and two-step All Bond SE adhesive when applied on dentin.